AP Biology

Complete Course Modules & Topic Breakdown
📊 Exam Overview ⚡ Download Formulas
Unit 1: Chemistry of Life
  • 1.1 Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding
  • 1.2 Elements of Life
  • 1.3 Introduction to Macromolecules
  • 1.4 Carbohydrates
  • 1.5 Lipids
  • 1.6 Nucleic Acids
  • 1.7 Proteins
📝 Practice Unit 1
Unit 2: Cells
  • 2.1 Cell Structure and Function
  • 2.2 Cell Size
  • 2.3 Plasma Membrane
  • 2.4 Membrane Permeability
  • 2.5 Membrane Transport
  • 2.6 Facilitated Diffusion
  • 2.7 Tonicity and Osmoregulation
  • 2.8 Mechanisms of Transport
  • 2.9 Cell Compartmentalization
  • 2.10 Origins of Cell Compartmentalization
📝 Practice Unit 2
Unit 3: Cellular Energetics
  • 3.1 Enzymes
  • 3.2 Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function
  • 3.3 Cellular Energy
  • 3.4 Photosynthesis
  • 3.5 Cellular Respiration
📝 Practice Unit 3
Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle
  • 4.1 Cell Communication
  • 4.2 Introduction to Signal Transduction
  • 4.3 Signal Transduction Pathways
  • 4.4 Feedback
  • 4.5 Cell Cycle
  • 4.6 Regulation of Cell Cycle
📝 Practice Unit 4
Unit 5: Heredity
  • 5.1 Meiosis
  • 5.2 Meiosis and Genetic Diversity
  • 5.3 Mendelian Genetics
  • 5.4 Non-Mendelian Genetics
  • 5.5 Environmental Effects on Phenotype
📝 Practice Unit 5
Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation
  • 6.1 DNA and RNA Structure
  • 6.2 DNA Replication
  • 6.3 Transcription and RNA Processing
  • 6.4 Translation
  • 6.5 Regulation of Gene Expression
  • 6.6 Gene Expression and Cell Specialization
  • 6.7 Mutations
  • 6.8 Biotechnology
📝 Practice Unit 6
Unit 7: Natural Selection
  • 7.1 Introduction to Natural Selection
  • 7.2 Natural Selection
  • 7.3 Artificial Selection
  • 7.4 Population Genetics
  • 7.5 Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
  • 7.6 Evidence of Evolution
  • 7.7 Common Ancestry
  • 7.8 Continuing Evolution
  • 7.9 Phylogeny
  • 7.10 Speciation
  • 7.11 Variations in Populations
  • 7.12 Origins of Life on Earth
📝 Practice Unit 7
Unit 8: Ecology
  • 8.1 Responses to the Environment
  • 8.2 Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
  • 8.3 Population Ecology
  • 8.4 Effect of Density on Populations
  • 8.5 Community Ecology
  • 8.6 Biodiversity
  • 8.7 Disruptions in Ecosystems
📝 Practice Unit 8